Sitaram Yechury

Sitaram Yechury passed away this morning (12 September 2024) around 11.30 at AIIMS. He had been unwell with a lung infection for the past three weeks admitted in the hospital. Our last meeting was at Sahmat, probably on 18 August. All of us had lunch together and then he stepped out for a smoke with Sohail and NK Sharma. His right hand was not steady and it trembled as he took a drag on his stick. He coughed non-stop. Something in me said, he must stop smoking. We had a good time together on Seema’s birthday sometime in Jan this year, again at Sahmat. I have some pictures of them cutting cake and offering it to each other. I recall how unsure or hesitant he was to sign a copy of his book for me for which I had designed the cover. All he wrote was “Greetings”. It was a compilation of his speeches as a Rajya Sabha MP. On 14th Sept his body was brought on a carriage to AKG Bhavan, the Party office, for friends and Comrades to pay their last respects. Sitaram had donated his body to All India Institute of Medical Sciences for research. So Long Comrade. 

48608

that must be some else…

‘It couldn’t be him. It just can’t be. It must be someone else.’, was my first reaction when a common friend sent me a picture of his flower-decked bier lying outside his house in Jalandhar. I recalled Ashok Gupta reciting a Kafi of Baba Bulleh Shah at Zoji La pass where we saw a holy man being carried for burial.  

बुल्ले शाह असां मरणा नाहीं गौर पया कोई होर 

“It must be someone else, we ‘the immortals’ don’t die”, Ashok had said.

Years before he had said something similar when we had ‘together’ seen death at close quarters.

It was the month of June. Twenty-ninth read the date in the year 1985. By mid-night the temperature was 12 below zero. On the Tibetan plateau our altitude was 17,300+ feet. We were at the western edge of lake Manasarovar. We kiss-drank its partially frozen surface the next morning. Without gloves our hands were slowly turning blue. Strong easterly winds howled the earlier part of that night. I wonder how we survived that night amid nothingness. Yes, survived brutal cold, hunger, fatigue and the fear. The fear of having lost our way in the Himalayan desert. The fear that no one may come looking for us or consider us dead in that Himalayan moonscape. One more night out in the open would have meant certain death for the three of us. But, but Ashok had said “We can’t die here uninvited”. 

That night Ashok Gupta was wearing his trademark white kurta-pyjama, no thermals inside. The hood of his blue wind-cheater protecting his ears and head. Arun Singhal, our other friend was decently clad in a high neck sweater but not enough for that altitude or the open skies where a little more cold could have frozen us. Unless you are a Mongol nomad, a Tibetan herder or a Chinese military jawan you dont fools around Mt Kailash or Ghurla Mandhata ranges carelessly at night. We were not fooling around, we had lost our way. 

Five other members of our group were accompanied by a Tibetan yak herder who was transporting our camping equipment. That night we clung to each other in a tight embrace to conserve body-heat, arms locked we jogged in-sync, we created a tight triangle of bodies using our breath to warm our chests and ward off the cold with our back, we pissed on our feet when our toes were freezing. We cursed ourselves but never once thought that we would die that night. The thought of death came only next afternoon when despite all our efforts we were not able to find the trail that would lead us to our campsite. Our batchmates were supposed to leave for the next campsite by noon. None of us had any communication equipment or anyone to guide. 

The morning before was the most inviting one which lured us to make multiple mistakes. We decided to shed extra layers and trek leisurely around the undulating Barkha Plains. The day temperature tempted us to slow down our pace, rest more often, fish in streams, stop to photograph each Marmot peeping at us from its hole, admire and lure herd of Tibetan Wild Ass and the colony of white woolly hare. We were in the awe of the beauty, the sheer scale of the Himalayan plains where a hundred aeroplanes could land together. With no clouds and a bright sun that hurt during noon we enjoyed the stark contrast of the blue skies against white Himalayan peaks and stunning granite rocks. That morning, together, we had spotted a Brahminy Duck diving in Mansarovar for its catch. Ashok had said it was a good sign.

My brown corduroys, a wind breaker and a muffler around the neck worked well during the day but at night I was the worst clad. We hadn’t had a morsel since we left last camp and I was reminded of the Brahminy Duck all the time. How many fish it would have devoured that morning? We trudged up and down a dozen hills that evening before the Lords switched off the light in that stunningly beautiful playground for their ilk to sleep.

To reach our Himalayan Eden we traversed four major valley systems connecting India, Nepal, Tibet and China. We trekked over 129 km in 28 days, without a day’s break, crossing two high-altitude mountain passes one of which, Dolma La, was over 18,470 feet, braved treacherous crevices over unstable glaciers, were beaten down by winds and thunder, negotiated and forded near-freezing streams, glacial melts and rivers. We slipped around gorges; skidded off steep gradients; spent sleepless nights with minimal food; braved freezing winds, rain and snow but we survived. We survived our bursting lungs in rarified atmosphere, yes we survived this and dangers of many other climbs and high-altitude treks. Did we survive to die like this? 

Sorry, I can’t say my Alvida, not yet.
गौर पया कोई होर
Yes, that must be some else.

‘Dry’ newspapers of Bansi Manjhi

बंसी माझी के ‘सूखे’ अख़बार

Babu ji, today the newspapers are absolutely sookhe (dry). Why, what’s wrong? What do you think could be the problem, even on a Sunday? Now they come like this! 

Sookhe? Dry? Newspaper?  Meaning? His blabberings flummoxed me.

Without much thought, I looked up at the picture-perfect, clear, beautiful blue sky. A tiny, tipsy cloud was trudging a drunken gait in the far corner. There were no signs of rain, none at all. It couldn’t have even drizzled. To make sure, I looked at the floor. That too was dry and had traces of mud that had come with the car tyres last night. Besides, the grass on the adjacent lawn was also dry. Obviously, if it hadn’t rained everything would be dry, uff. Looking at Bansi Manjhi, I was about to ask if he had smoked ganja first thing in the morning, but I restrained myself. Better keep quiet I thought, you never know what he mean by ‘sookhe’! Taking the bundle of newspapers from Bansi Manjhi, I rubbed my eyes. Shaking my head in disapproval I went to the other corner of the lawn. On Sundays we get five newspapers at home, that surely is a bundle.

Bansi Manjhi takes care of our small garden, an array of potted plants, shrubs and trees. Bansi Manjhi comes from Gaya district of Bihar. His mother tongue is Maithili. Bansi has a sweet sing-song way of talking, an accent that makes it seem as if he is trying to sing a song or read a poem. Whatever he says is in tarannum, a set lilting tune.  Although he doesn’t talk much with the neighbours, he loves to yap with me. Over time we have become friends – only to argue. He shares with me every new story or incident first and then only takes it to town. Bansi Manjhi has a smile locked on his lips which are hidden under his thick moustache.

I tease him. ‘Bansi Manjhi, you are so sweet and speaks so sweetly that you have inflicted diabetes upon yourself.’ We laugh together. Bansi is especially busy on Sundays and tries to move around fast. A small soil-trowel in his hand, a turban-like thing on his head, a gamchha (towel) around his neck and a heavy pair of 24-inch scissors tied to his bicycle carrier, Bansi paddles from house to house tending to small and big lawns. Last week, towards the end of Monsoons, he carried a big lawn mower on his bike. Cleaning the garden, pruning plants and trees, weeding the beds, removing old dry soil, watering, hanging and tying vines, spraying herbicide and applying fertiliser, Banse does all the work with style and elan. When no one is around he even yaps away with plants and trees. No jokes, he does.

Ten minutes ago I saw him talking to the Champa tree which is spreading fast and flowering profusely these days. Yes, he was chiding or admonishing the tree, saying, ‘Only last Sunday I had tied a bamboo stick to keep you straight and upright, again you are bending and spreading here and there, can you tell me why? If you have to grow, fine, grow tall, grow upwards brother, what are you doing moving left and right, the other plants also have to grow. Look at them, all are growing within their own limits bhai, no one is wandering all over like you, behave.” 

Poor Champa, it must have been embarrassing for her. Specially considering I was listening to that from a distance. Decked with beautiful white flowers the tree would have felt ashamed being body-shamed. She possibly gathered two of her branches and turned them around to hide them. Bansi Majhi can say all kinds of things to humans too. Stepping in and out of the house he stops passers by and chit-chats with them, inquires about their well-being, of their family members in the village which he calls des, and feels happy on getting information about his own relatives. In between, he pinches khaini under his lips or enjoys a smoke if someone offers him a beedi. For the world, he is a non-smoker.

Removing the gamchha from his neck Bansi wiped off the sweat and smiled at me. I went and sat cross-legged on the swing at the other end of the lawn and scanned the headlines of all five newspapers. Tea arrived, one cup for me and one cup for Bansi. Two Parle glucose biscuits were brought for him. Bansi Manjhi is given tea without sugar but with biscuits. When tea is around Bansi takes it easy. Forgetting about work he sat on the grass and slurped with his eyes shut. 

Looking at the madhu-malti creeper running up the wall, he went into deep thought as if he would stop Israel’s genocidal shelling on Palestine today itself. Looking at me, he said innocently, “You don’t understand Babu, I was not talking about wet or dry in terms of water. I meant that as it is these papers don’t carry news worthy of anything and they are worth nothing, still, these days they don’t come with those colourful leaflets, pamphlets, handbills and promotional advertisements. Till last year there came plenty shoved in the newspapers every day. You know what I am talking about, na?’ He looked at me to make sure that I had understood what he meant and continued, ‘they are the ones that tell you – buy this and that, announce a new product; offer 50% discount on TV and fridge; buy one get two free on shirts and pants; get 20% discount on shoes; one kg sugar free with 5kg atta, etc. etc.” I nodded. Without those leaflets the papers look ‘sookha’, Babu.

‘Babu just think’, Bansi was very serious, ‘the Hindi newspaper that my son gets at our house does not weigh even one and a half kilos in the whole month. Now, if those pamphlets keep coming, then it becomes like three kilos…., you see double, that i.e. a raddi of Rs. 54. So tell me, without those colourful, smooth and thick (chikne aur motte) paper pamphlets, the newspapers will only seem dry and desolate na, (rookha aur sookha) right?”

I was surprised at Bansi’s metaphor. ‘Dry and desolate newspapers’, wah!!! Hey newspaper publishers, here is an insight, the reader waits more for advertisements or pamphlets than for newspapers. 

Keeping the empty cup aside, as soon as I picked up India’s best-selling newspaper, “Times of Indignation”, a flurry of pamphlets and leaflets slipped out of it. It was paper-rain pouring down. My fingers felt wet – drenched with the enthusiasm of the advertisements. I could feel the water-vapour oozing out of those colourful sheets. Bansi Manjhi, who was pulling the water hose froze in the middle of his step, his mouth agape at the site of dozens of fliers landing on the grass. ‘Babu, so many? There are a lot of them in there, how come I didn’t see any?” He left the water pipe and ran towards me gathering all the pamphlets one by one. 

Seeing a giant aeroplane flying on a colourful leaflet, Bansi pulled it towards him and plonked cross-legged on the grass. The image of Phuket beach strewn with colourful umbrellas must have been especially attractive for Bansi Manjhi or maybe it was the magic of women roaming in their swim-suits that had mesmerised him. Sheepishly, he slid the pamphlet under the others and started looking at the others one by one. An English-looking boy wearing a wedding sherwani announced with arrogance, ‘Without Diwan Saheb’s sherwani, the wedding looks dull.’ Along with it, there was another one of Bharat Silk Suits which said, ‘For your special wedding day.’ On the next leaflet, a beautiful woman in a nurse’s coat was enumerating all the operations being done at Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurgaon.

By then I had understood Bansi Manjhi’s analogy of ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ newspapers. ‘Look Bansi, in our country everything revolves around festivals, and the festivals come around the time that the crops have been harvested or sold. See, right now it is September and for the next four months i.e. till Makar Sankranti, you will find a lot of them in newspapers. Look, shradhs got over just the day before and here are your pamphlets. The next flyer was inviting young beauties and couples to dance at the “Dandiya Night Dhamaka, All Navratras, Tickets only Rs 3,000, Venue: Rabindranath World School.’ My eye were ‘wet’ looking at the tragedy of school named after Gurudev being used for dandiya dhamaka. 

I had also started enjoying the contents of these pamphlets which I normally ignored.  One by one I handed them over to Bansi Manjhi like important documents are handed over to a bookkeeper. ‘Organic fruits straight from farms and orchards; Vote for Kumudini Rakesh Daulatabad- contesting MLA election from Gurgaon; Tata 1mg, medicines online; PPS Chemical – Eradicate termites; Sohrab Gold Bracelets – for beautiful arms; Narayana Hospital Emergency number 1234 5678; MK Power System Inverter’ and what not… Small and big leaflets of were floating all around us and Bansi’s heart was fluttering in them. 

A casual glance tells you that it is not necessary to be literate or educated to understand these pamphlets. The language here is the same as it was thousands of years ago – the language of pictures and visuals. The trader who sells these goods wants to see and feel your pockets, not your degree.  

Be it English or Hindi, Bansi Manjhi also has nothing to do with the language, though he has studied Hindi till class eight, but his need is to collect those handbills, to encash them and not to buy cheap goods.

Every Sunday, “Times of Indignation” has a special classified section of 16 pages in which proposal for marriageable boys and girls are solicited and advertisements to buy and sell houses, shops or offices are published by the thousands (Oh, I love those that say caste No BAR and have it published under a special category). Along with that classified section, I handed over all the pamphlets to Bansi Manjhi and said, ‘Every week you are welcome to take all the newspapers of the previous week from our place. But Bansi ji, dont keep the ‘bheega hua’ newspapers at home, you see ‘damp’ newspaper are not good for health.   

It was Bansi Manjhi’s turn to feel flustered. But then, ‘sookhe’ newspaper achhe nahin hain.

-1 October 2024

The other end of rainbow

I have moved to the otherside of the linguistic rainbow, hence, my absence from a few platforms where I used to contribute. Thin clouds are hovering under the rainbow but I can see them clearing. The light here – on this side – is soothing, the tones are muted, it is calm, not hurried. The colours are the same but the view from here is different, it is closer home, nearer the childhood, to the beginning, the earliest blabber (or is it babble!) of the first few sounds I mimicked. The first chatter I registered and the sounds that stayed; the words I picked up and the lips I aped are gushing in. Someone familiar is walking closer to where I stand. It is difficult to focus, it is not clear, there is fog – it must be Ma. She is trying hard to regain health after a downhill journey of the past nine months. Nine months! Is she birthing? At Ninety-one? Who? I am jealous. I have been listening to her with both my ears. Listening, storing, sorting, collating and writing. Mostly using the words she uses; broken, incomplete sentences where times, spaces, incidents, objects and people all churn and create a world with newer perceptions and realities unknown to any. 

We have been talking. Yes, a lot. We talk in Hindi. From her fading memory words take time to form and flow. The recall, depending on how far she wants to go, is time taking and difficult. She thinks and many-a-times dismisses me not wanting to exert much. The fragile cervical spine doesn’t let the neck stay still, for long. No longer interested in reading or watching television, Ma spends most of the time lying down with eyes shut. We talk of her time in Lahore and Jhang; of her school; of Partition; of her college in Rohtak and Patna; of her teaching jobs; her marriage, motherhood; time with her husband; her life – the hits and the misses of life. Most of the time she smiles while answering/ talking and brushes off those queries that she doesn’t want to take.We think, converse and write in Hindi. I am glad that I can explore the other side of the rainbow with her.  

Like a child I still watch her lips to make sense of the sounds and the words. It is ‘yesterday once more’ for me – it is the same as she was, as I was, decades back. The stage is the same, it is the same play, same script and same characters though time and age has added few props between us before the curtains come down. Without her dentures her jaw, the cheekbones and the face has shrunk.The pleats on her skin are mingled folds of silk which shines when light falls on her face at a particular angle. The hue and tint of her skin is pinkish-white other than the folds which seem darker (trust me they are not) that’s where light doesn’t shine. The blue veins now show more, especially on days when her heart pumps blood faster and the machine scares us with 210/130. Her toothless smile reminds me of my Nani – who was different – thinner, paler, whiter but cuter version – but Nani won’t smile as frequently as Ma does. Ma doesnt need a conversation or a joke or a tickle to smile – she looks at her granddaughter or grandson and fills the room with her smile. Sometimes she smiles looking at the Ranjha painting which she thinks is her beloved Krishna – both cattle herders – both flute players – both possessive lovers. Krishna or Ranjha – neither she, nor I can decide; but like her even I can see the rustle of kadamb trees even in the painting. She has been the source of my writing forever, but now she is the only source, the snout of the river which feeds me mineral-rich ambrosia. 

आपका दिल किस पारो पे लुटा था ?

शरत चंद्र चटोपाध्याय के लिखे बांग्ला उपन्यास “देबदास” (1917) में पारो के क़िरदार का असली नाम पार्वती है। ये वो पार्वती है जिसका प्यार परवान न चढ़ सका, उन चंद लम्हों के लिए भी नही जब देवदास उसके घर के बाहर आख़िरी साँसे गिन रहा था। प्रेम और विरह के दर्द की अद्भुत कहानी तीन किरदारों की है – देवदास, उसके बचपन की दोस्त पारो यानि पार्वती और पेशे से तवायफ चंद्रमुखी की। देवदास के अज़ीम किरदार और इस कहानी पर तीन बार हिंदी फिल्म चुकी हैं। हालांकि पार्वती या पारो और चंद्रमुखी के क़िरदार भी कुछ कम नहीं हैं फिर भी फ़िल्म बनाने वालों ने हर बार पुरुष प्रधान फिल्म ही बनाई। इसके बावज़ूद फिल्म देख कर जब आप थिएटर से बाहर आतें हैं तो चंद्रमुखी या पारो के बारे में ही बात करते हैं, देवदास हर पल अपने को मौत की तरफ़ धकेलता है और मर चुका होता है । “कौन कम्बख़्त है जो बर्दाश्त करने के लिए पीता है , मैं तो पीता हूँ के बस साँस ले सकूँ “। फिल्म पहली बार 1936 में कुंदन लाल सहगल के साथ, दूसरी बार 1955 में दिलीप कुमार वाली और 2002 में शाह रुख़ ख़ान के साथ बनी । उपन्यास को आये 107 साल और आख़िरी देवदास फिल्म को आये 22 साल हो चुके हैं फिर भी कुछ ऐसा है इस कहानी में कि हम इसे भूलना नहीं चाहते। इश्क़ की टीस और इस बुझते अलाव में चिंगारियों को ज़िंदा रखना चाहते हैं। तीनों फिल्मों के मुख्य पुरुष अभिनेता या फ़नकार ट्रेजेडी किंग माने जाते हैं फिर भी पार्वती या पारो की ट्रेजेडी फिल्म की ट्रेजेडी है। 

आपका दिल किस पारो पे लुटा था ? 

एक पारो और है। इस पारो की ट्रेजेडी भी शरत चंद्र की पारो  से कम नही। अदब या साहित्य की दूसरी पारो। नमिता गोखले के अंग्रेज़ी नॉवेल ‘पारो’ वाली पारो। नमिता जी ने अपनी पारो के क़िरदार को पार्वती की लाग लपेट से दूर रखा। ये पारो 80 के दशक की दिल्ली से है, शरत चंद्र के भद्र लोक से दूर। इस पारो को अवतरित हुए भी 40 बरस हो चुके हैं। पहली बार ये क़िताब 1984 में छपी थी और तब से लगातार बिक रही है । इस पारो को मैं कल दोबारा मिला। 

21वीं  सदी के माहौल में पारो ने एक और उत्तेजक अंगड़ाई ले कर ढ़ीली चड्डी वाले दिल्ली के मर्दों की फिर से आज़माइश करने की ठानी है। कहीं रूमानी, कहीं आशिक़ाना और कहीं कामुकता के हर परदे को उठाती पारो ऊपरी सतह पर तैरती समाज की हर असलियत और कमज़ोरी को बीच बीच में सामने लाती है। हर औरत के अंदर एक पारो छुपी है, ज़रूरी नहीं के उसके सपने लालसा और वासना से भरे होते हैं पर वो भी अमीरों और पहुंचे हुए तबके की दुनिया को देखना चाहती है, छूना चाहती है उसका ज़ायका लेना चाहती है। वो जानना चाहती है कि देखते ही देखते दूसरी औरत कैसे मध्यम वर्ग से उच्च वर्ग में अपनी पहचान बना लेती है और ये समाज कितनी आसानी से सब देख कर भी अनदेखा कर देता है, मक्खी निगल लेता है। पारो की कहानी प्रिया बताती है, दिल्ली और बम्बई  समाज की जिसमे कोई देवदास नहीं होते हुए भी प्रेम दुखद ट्रेजेडी ही रहता है।     

‘पारो’ के नए संस्करण और किताब के 40 साल के सफ़र पर नमिता गोखले जी से अम्ब्रीश सात्विक की रोचक बातचीत कल शाम (24 अगस्त) दिल्ली के हैबिटैट सेंटर में हुई, जिस से लेख़क और क़िताब के बारे में कुछ नई बातों का पता चला। इसी साल, 2024 में, पेंगुइन ने इसे अपनी क्लासिक श्रंखला में छाप कर “पारो” को गौरव ग्रन्थ या आला दर्जे का क़रार दिया है। यक़ीनन पारो एक क्लासिक है। आप ज़रूर पढ़ें।